Stomp Out Bullying Essay example - 1774 Words

When the word bullying is brought up, one always pictures in his or her mind a big angry boy, who picks on other small helpless children. What some don’t realize is that bullying comes hand in hand with popularity, likeability, and peer acceptance. Children are heavily influenced by other kids his or her age, as the old saying goes, â€Å"But mom Jimmy gets to stay up past 10, why can’t I?† According to Miranda Witvliet, to understand children’s peer group affiliation, you need to be able to examine children naturally occurring groups resemble each other on bullying, likeability, and perceived popularity. To be accepted by a popular group of kids, others would follow in his or her footsteps and will bully others, even if the child knew it were†¦show more content†¦They don’t have the other kids bossing them around telling them what to do; instead the other kids are there just to enjoy one another’s company. Even thought peer groups o r social scenes have its perks, there are also downfalls. One major down fall from peer groups is peer pressure. Many things are influenced by his or her peers, such as speaking differently and how one is to dress around his or her friends. If one is to conform to the group’s expectations and standards, they will accept the child more. One someone is fully accepted, they will be able to gain more trust. Often it is seen that bullying is highly accepted. If the group is bullying a child that is not in the peer group, you must join in and will be respected and trusted more. Usually when a child protests against the bullying, they are ostracized and will be no longer to associate with that group. â€Å"The preadolescence phase is the area most influenced by peer groups, because it affects how the child sees his or herself† (Kendall). When in school, children strive for popularity. The idea of having an abundant amount of friends to socialize with helps children feel that he or she is not lonely and that he or she is well liked. But children will soon realize that it is something easier said than done. Often to make friends, a child has to impress them, or just be adventurous and courageous enough to be able to talk with them, to take the first step. Show in a study, bullying was positivelyShow MoreRelatedProblem, Cause, Solution Template Outline Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesAccept no one’s definition of your life, but define yourself.† (SLIDE THREE) STOMP Out Bullying is an anti-bullying organization that has helped millions of lives. Not many people realize how a few words can have a big impact on someone. STOMP Out Bullying focuses on helping and trying to prevent abuse regards to racism, homophobia, sexism and more. B. Audience Relevance (SLIDE FOUR) Everyone has seen or experienced bullying first hand, whether it was physical, verbal, social or cyber. It is estimatedRead MoreBullying : A Major Unsolved Disaster1608 Words   |  7 PagesAllen - C period Bullying â€Å"Door barricade devices in schools are intended to keep dangerous individuals out of classrooms; but what if that person is already in the room?† (Jerry Heppes, Sr.). A major unsolved disaster is bullying. Children verbally and physically attack other children in many different locations, most commonly at school. Also, the internet is another typical place where children and even adults type, send, text, and post harmful words to other humans. Bullying is a world-wide problemRead MoreBullying : Definition, Risk Factors, And Impacts1314 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Theresa Marie Fox EDST 1002 Spring 2015 Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Over the past few decades, bullying has become a highly significant issue in schools across the globe. In the United States alone, it is estimated that approximately one in three children are victims of bullying (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Although bullying affects nearly 70 percent of all students, it is usuallyRead MoreHuman Development Research Paper : Hr And The Effects It Has On A Child s Overall Development2412 Words   |  10 PagesShayla Lampton Lifespan Human Development Research Paper Kyle Lucas 9 October 2014 Bullying and the Effects it has on a Child’s Overall Development It is 7:30 a.m. and your mom and baby sister just dropped you off at school. It is your first day of third grade and you are so excited. It is too early to go indoors so you start walking to the playground as they drive away and you lay your backpack on the sidewalk next to the wall. You go over to the empty swing set to play until the bell rings. NotRead MoreBullying: What Is It And What To Do About It. When You1348 Words   |  6 PagesBullying: What is it and what to do about it When you were a kid, you probably said a lot of things to other kids. Maybe thinking it was just a tease to make fun of another student. But have you ever realized what you are saying? Saying things that could potentially harm the mind of a fragile human being? By attacking them emotionally and physically? A bully is best defined as a person who has repeated interpersonal behavior, usually between children with unequal power over another, which can leadRead MoreThe Eternal Effects of Cyber Bullying1196 Words   |  5 Pagescyber bullying, allowing predators of all ages to interrupt what should be the safe haven in life; home. The eternal effects of cyber bullying on the victim and their families is potentially fatal as pointed out in the May 2013, Journal of Youth and Adolescence article by, published authors and psychology graduate’s in adolescent studies, Brett Litwiler and Amy Brausch. The article not only identifies this form of bullying as a problem but Litwiler and Brausch state, The impact of bullying in allRead MoreHow Stress Affects Our Lives1684 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussion, but there are a few that are very important to me. They might not all be talked about on the news as much as the more prominent social problems occurring at the moment, but they are problems that I think affect the people in this country. Bullying, foreign relations, unemployment, education, and stress are all topics that I find affect our country and our lives immensely. Stress is a normal thing we experience every day. The thing is, most people go through very high levels of stress on aRead MoreStress And Its Effects On Stress1674 Words   |  7 Pagesand other students. Physical abuse has usually been associated with bullying in schools where actual physical contact is being made. But, more recently there has been awareness to emotional bullying and abuse. Celebrities running anti-bullying campaigns and writing songs to help inspire those in those type of situations. Schools are having multiple assemblies in a year to spread awareness about both physical and emotional bullying. They bring inspirational speakers into the schools to teach studentsRead MoreBullying Persuasive Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesI think that bullying needs to stop, because bullying hurts peoples feelings and sometimes even end a life. Here is a story about what happen to me. So one day i’m at school in FACTS, i’m working on my pj pants that we have to make. One of my friends asked for help, so I walk over to her at her sewing machine. She needed help on her pants and what to do. As im helping my friend, a girl, lets say her name is Vanessa, she was sitting by my friend Skyler, Vanessa said â€Å"eww go away’ , I told her IRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyberbullying And Its Effects On Society1006 Words   |  5 Pagesimproved extensively over the past few years resulting in new problems. Nearly 43% of kids have been bullied online. 1 in 4 has had it happen more than once (www.DoSomething.org). Before internet bullying was to the extent of picking on each other, name calling or fist fights, Cyberbullying takes bullying to another level. This topic is of huge controversy in schools across the nation, political debates, the president of the United States has even given speeches on it. Many people believe cyberbullying

Crystal Science Fair Project Tips and Ideas

Crystals can make interesting and fun science fair projects. The type of project depends on your educational level. Here are some examples of crystal science fair projects and ideas to help launch your own creativity in choosing your own project. Make a Collection Younger investigators may want to make a collection of crystals and work out their own method for grouping the crystals into categories.  Common crystals include salt, sugar, snowflakes, and quartz. What other crystals can you find? What are the similarities and differences between these crystals? What materials look like crystals, but really arent? (Hint: Glass doesnt have an ordered internal structure, so it isnt crystal.) Make a Model You can build models of crystal lattices. You can show how lattice subunits can grow into some of the crystal shapes taken by natural minerals. Prevent Crystal Growth Your project can involve ways you might prevent crystals from forming. For example, can you think of a way to keep crystals from forming in ice cream? Does the temperature of the ice cream matter? What happens as a result of freezing and thawing cycles? What effect do different ingredients have on the size and number of crystals that form? Grow Crystals Growing crystals is a fun way to explore your interest in chemistry and geology. In addition to growing crystals from kits, there are lots of types of crystals that can be grown from common household substances, such as sugar (sucrose), salt (sodium chloride), Epsom salts, borax, and alum. Sometimes its interesting to mix different materials to see what types of crystals result. For example, salt crystals look different when they are grown with vinegar. Can you figure out why? If you want a good science fair project, it would be better if you tested some aspect of growing crystals rather than simply growing pretty crystals and explaining the process. Here are some ideas for ways to turn a fun project into a great science fair or research project: How does the rate of evaporation of the crystal-growing medium affect the final size of the crystals? You can change the rate of evaporation by sealing the container (no evaporation at all if there is no air space) or by blowing a fan over the liquid or enclosing the jar of medium with a desiccant. Different places and seasons will have different humidities. The crystals grown in a desert may be different from those grown in a ​rainforest.You will usually heat water or another liquid to dissolve a solid to grow your crystals. Does the rate at which this liquid is cooled affect the way the crystals grow? You can compare crystals allowed to cool at room temperature to those formed from cooling the liquid in a refrigerator.What effect do additives have on the crystals? You could add food coloring, flavorings, or other impurities. How do crystals grown from non-iodized salt compare with those grown from iodized salt?What steps can you take to maximize crystal size? Developing a pr ocedure is a form of experimental science. You can affect parameters such as vibration, humidity, temperature, the rate of evaporation, purity of your growth medium, and time allowed for crystal growth. The type of container used to grow your crystals may make a difference, as could the type of string used to suspend a seed crystal (or other method used to grow a crystal). Are you changing containers when crystals start to grow that could compete with your seed crystal? There are lots of things to think about! Some may have a major effect on crystal growth and others may be negligible. Does light/dark effect growth? Probably not for a salt crystal, but it could for a substance that is degraded by visible radiation.If you are up for a challenge, you can make predictions about the shapes of crystals before you grow them, based on their molecular structures and molecular geometry.

A P a Story About Growing Up - 961 Words

Jon Borges Eng. 100 March 17, 2006 A P: A Story About Growing Up Written in 1956 by subject narration author, John Updike, AP, presents the story of a nineteen-year-old boy, Sammy, who over time comes to realize the painful reality of life. Sammy, who despises his insipid job as a checkout boy, works at the local AP mini-mart. Undoubtedly, having worked there for much to long, Sammy, finally says enough is enough, and quits his job. This story s theme revolves around a teenage boy s transition from boyhood to early adulthood, and the gradual change in three of his main character traits from: imaginative to practical, conservative to experimenting, and non-assertive, to assertive. Young Sammy almost certainly began his†¦show more content†¦Upon Mr. Lengels beleaguering of the girl, the climactic scene plays out as following: (Mr. Legel) Did you say something, Sammy? (Sammy) I said I quit. (Lengel) I thought you did. (Sammy) You didn t have to embarrass them. (Lengel) It was they who were embarrassing us. (Sammy) I started to say something that came out Fiddle-dedoo. I don t think you know what you re saying, Lengel said. (Sammy) I know you don t, I said. But I do (Updike 226). With that, Sammy takes off his bow tie and apron, and walks out of the store feeling a new kind of freedom that only someone who stands up for what he believes in can feel. In closing, AP delivered to me a sense of nostalgia of my own life experiences. I share an understanding of many of the same situations, which Sammy endured while growing into a young man. This story tells of a standard for most teenage middle-class lives in America, and how the come to grow and mature. AP had an indelible impact on my life, and will remain in my heart forevermore. Na, jus joke! Work Cited Updike, John. AP. Points of View, Moffett and McElheny. AugustShow MoreRelatedThe Whaler995 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Whaler† introduces us to the tale of a whaler’s and a young boy’s meeting, whereby the author uses flashbacks to introduce different themes, such as; growing up - the progress of becoming an adult rather than just a naive boy. The setting of the story is in Ireland, on the top of a hill with fields surrounding it (p. 1 l. 1-2), not a completely deserted hill, but within sight of town (p. 4 l. 154-155). Presumably, a small town, since the town was too small for the Whaler (p. 1 lRead More The Summer Of The Falcon Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Summer of The Falcon nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every popular novel must have an interesting story, suitable conflicts, and a theme. In the novel The Summer Of the Falcon, the author Jean Craighead George parallels the maturation of the main character with the teaching of a bird to fly and take commands. June becomes mature and grows form childhood to adulthood, In the end of the story, June is not a child anymore. Neither is the falcon. It has fully grown and has decided to live independentlyRead MoreDoes The Protagonist Make The Right Decision?1259 Words   |  6 Pagesto the topic of growing up, majority of people will say that growing up is all about making mistakes and learning from them, but can standing up for something you believe in be considered a mistake? A P by John Updike is short story about the protagonist growing up. The story is narrated by Sammy, who makes a decision to quit his job. Sammy, an employee at A P, encounters three girls shopping in the store in bikinis. The manager of the store, Lengel, confronts the girls about their attire andRead MoreComing Of Age By James Joyce And A P By John Updike1231 Words   |  5 PagesGuiseppi La Mura Instructor Moore LIT 09/3/15 Coming of Age Growing up and learning to be an adult is part of everyone’s life. Emotions run rampant with love, anger, and uncertainty. Short stories Araby by James Joyce and A P by John Updike create perfect examples of coming to age experiences which individuals can relate to. The array of emotions and hardships we experience throughout youth aid in creating a culturally advanced and diverse society. First love, everyone has experienced this incredibleRead MoreSummary : Story Telling Date Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Story telling Date: 09 Aug 2016 Age group: 3-5 Title of experience: â€Å"Snakelet to snake† Links to the Early Years Learning Framework: Outcome 2: â€Å"Children are connected with and contribute to their world† (DEEWR), 2009, p. 25). Outcome 3: â€Å"Children have a strong sense of wellbeing† (DEEWR, 2009, p. 30) Outcome 4: â€Å"Children are confident and involved learners† (DEEWR, 2009, p. 33). Content/ concepts being explored: Children become socially responsible and show respect for the environmentRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye as a Coming-of-Age Story Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagescan be read as a coming-of-age story. How does Holden’s Character change or mature during the course of the novel? To what extent are there TWO Holden Caulfields in the book, and what is the difference between them? The novel ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by J.D Salinger is a coming-of-age story. It follows the short tale of Holden Caulfield, a sixteen year old boy, who throughout his experiences in the novel, changes and becomes more mature and independent. The story essentially has two Holden CaulfieldsRead MoreEssay on Among the Hidden1108 Words   |  5 Pages The book I would like to tell you about is called Among the Hidden. The author of this book is Margaret Peterson Haddix. In this book, there is a boy named Luke Garner who has never been able to leave his backyard. He has only been able to quickly peak through blinds for fear of being seen. Until the day the workers started cutting the trees down, Luke was able to experience a little fresh air while rough-housing with his brothers in their isolated backyard farmland. The reason for this is becauseRead MoreAnalysis of Joy Luck Club Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesthem to their ancestral roots is physical appearance and the answ er to the SAT questionnaire about ethnicity background. This is the basis for the overall theme of The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. The Joy Luck Club is a group of varied stories rooted in the culture clash between four women whom adamantly follow Chinese refinement and their respective daughters, who are Americanized. Throughout the story, it becomes obvious that the daughters have become Americanized and are veering away from theRead MoreCompare And Contrast Araby And A P Short Story999 Words   |  4 PagesA coming of age story is when the protagonist experiences climatic event that leads them to adulthood. The event is usually tough but leads to a realization or epiphany. The short stories â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both reflect coming of age stories. In the story AP, the narrator, Sammy quits his job to stand up for the three girls wearing â€Å"nothing but their bathing suits†() In the story Araby, the narrator shows him self growing up through discovering his sexuality. InRead MoreThe Sheep Revolution in John Updike ´s AP826 Words   |  4 PagesAt first glance, â€Å"AP† written by John Updike, looks like a funny, slangy, youthful story about a young, nineteen year old boy, Sammy, who has the normal problems that come along with his age group; abhorrence for his job, talking despondently about the older generation, and dreaming about girls he sees in the store. However, when people look at the history of the 1960’s, they find it shows a change in American social values and morals. Furthermore, the revolution of multiple groups of minorities

Corporation and Company Law - 1165 Words

Books and materials Leading text †¢ Dignam Lowry, Company Law, 5th edition (2009)* ** †¢ Hicks Goo’s Cases and Materials on Company Law, 7th edition 2011** †¢ Mayson, French and Ryan on Company Law, 26th edition (2010) †¢ Bourne on Company Law, 5th edition * Dignam Lowry, Company Law, 6th edition (2012) may be published August 2012 ** These books will be used as the module readers Additional reading: The latest editions of: †¢ Gower and Davies’ Principles of Modern Company Law, Even if you do not purchase a copy of this book it is highly recommended that you read this comprehensive coverage of modern company law. †¢ Company Law by Hannigan. This is a substantive company law textbook but†¦show more content†¦et al The Anatomy of Corporate Law, OUP 2004 Fansworth, K. Corporate Power and Social Policy in a Global Economy: British Welfare under the Influence, Bristol, Policy Press 2004 Hopt, K.J. and Wymeersch, E. Capital Markets and Company Law, OUP, 2003 Dow, G.K. Governing the Firm: Workers’ Control in Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press 2003 Macmillan, F., â€Å"International Corporate Law Annual† (2003) Vol 2 2002 Roe, Mark J., â€Å"Political determinants of corporate governance† (2003) HN 1500.R6 De Lacy, J., â€Å"The reform of United Kingdom company law† (2002) Keenan, Denis, â€Å"Business law† (2002) Sugarman, D and Andenas, M. Developments in European Company Law, 2000 Parkinson, J. et al (eds) The Political Economy of the Company 2000 Hart Publishing HV 1200 P6 R. Dore Stock Market Capitalism: Welfare Capitalism. Japan and Germany versus the Anglo-Saxons (2000) HN5208.4.D6 R. Grantham C. Rickett (eds.) Corporate Personality in the Twentieth Century (1998) KN261.C6 Gobert, J. and Punch, M. Rethinking Corporate Crime, Lexis Nexis 2003 D. Milman (ed.) Regulating Enterprise: Law and Business Organisation in the UK (1999) KN250.R3 – 2 copies in library, including one in SRC BAK Rider (ed.) The Corporate Dimension (1998) KN261.C6 (SRC) BAK Rider (ed.) The Realm of Company Law (1998) KN250.R3 SRC Macmillan (ed) Perspectives on Company Law:2 Kluwer 1997 KN 261.P3 Rider, The Corporate Dimension 1998 Berns, S., andShow MoreRelatedA Company or a Corporation Is an ‘Artificial Person’ Created by Law1739 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A company or a corporation is an ‘artificial person’ created by law.† Discuss. Introduction A company or a corporation is an artificial person not natural person. Artificial person are such as are created and devised by human laws for the purpose of society and government which are called corporation. Such artificial persons, known as corporation, possess similar rights and owe similar obligation as natural person, but have no physical or natural existence. The law in creating legal persons alwaysRead MoreAustralia Corporation Law : Who Are Directors Of Company? Essay1840 Words   |  8 PagesYU PAN Professor Pooja Kumar LAW 202 14/10/2016 Australia Corporation Law Who are directors of company? A director is a person in company who leads or supervises a particular area while the company is developing. These persons have similar duties and play different roles. In more details, â€Å"director† that cleared in S9 of the Corporations Act 2001 means that: ââ€"  A person validly appointed as a director or an alternate director; ââ€"  A person, even though not validly appointed as a director,Read MoreCompany Law Assignment : The Corporations Act 20012323 Words   |  10 PagesCompany Law Assignment (All sections are referred to the Corporations Act 2001) Part A i. According to S129, a company be legally bound by a contract depending on the authority granted to an agent or officer under the common law of statutory provisions. A contract can be directly executed under the common law provision s127(1) which states that a contract is executed when signed by two directors or a director and a company secretary. Ickea can rely on the statutory assumptions under s129(3), whichRead MoreEvaluation Of A Block Of Land On Flagstaff Crescent1726 Words   |  7 Pages Identify the areas of law that are relevant to the chosen media report, and explain how they are relevant to the matters outlined in the report. †¨ This report analyses the altercation between Norvik Industry s ( a building company), Water Corporation and Adrian and Linda Webb who are owners of a block of land on Flagstaff Crescent in Secret Harbour Contract Law Contract Law is a key aspect between the Water Corporations company, Norvik Industry and Adriana and Linda Webb. First of all, NordicRead MoreCorporations Are Moral Agents and Have Obligations Which Go Beyond Obeying the Law.Doc1479 Words   |  6 Pageshow corporations have embedded a social responsibility in their mission statements and company objectives. This leaves us with one assertion that is that corporations do have some level of obligation towards society’s morality; however, the corporation itself is not a moral agent (Klaus M. Leisinger). The discussion that follows is about corporations being moral agents or otherwise; however I will reach a conclusion that corporations do have an obligation that extends beyond obeying the law; evensRead MoreCorporations Are Moral Agents and Have Obligations Which Go Beyond Obeying the Law.Doc1485 Words   |  6 Pageshow corporations have embedded a social responsibility in their mission statements and company objectives. This leaves us with one assertion that is that corporations do have some level of obligation towards society’s morality; however, the corporation itself is not a moral agent (Klaus M. Leisinger). The discussion that follows is about corporations being moral agents or otherwise; however I will reach a conclusion that corporations do have an obligation that extends beyond obeying the law; evensRead MoreIdentifying The Areas Of Law1657 Words   |  7 Pages1. Identify the areas of law that are relevant to the chosen media report, and explain how they are relevant to the matters outlined in the report. The article reports on the suing of Norvic Industries, who built a house to lock up stage on the wrong block, against the Water Corporation who they claim to have caused the mistake first by connecting water to the wrong lot. Corporations Law Both Norvic Industries and Water Corporations were corporations. Not only the formation but also the administrationRead MoreThe Powers And Duty Of The Corporation1215 Words   |  5 PagesControl of a company is held to be in the hand of company directors and due to the degree of such control, fiduciary duties are imposed on them both under statue and common law provisions. The purpose of these duties are to ensure that directors exercise their power with reasonable care in the best interest of the corporation. Adherence to and compliance with these obligations is mandatory so as to hold directors accountable for their actions. The following essay will discuss whether or not the legislationRead MoreBusiness Law Assignment : Corporate Law1613 Words   |  7 PagesCORPORATE LAW ASSIGNMENT Chris Kontos Student Number: 3918879 BLO2205 - Corporate Law When we refer to the corporate world, what we are referring to is a world that has an abundance of social interaction caused by the drive to expand and maximize profit.There is a large mix of different social groups when you have CEO s, clients, employee s and many other people who can be part of a business directly or indirectly. All these different groupsRead MoreWhy Do Chief Executive Officers?1034 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone, though they are already responsible to employees, Board of Directors, and company shareholders. CEOs are trying to appease interest groups and other outside stakeholders when considering the company’s business deals. Some organizations have been successful with corporate social responsibility (CSR), while others have failed. To what degree should the federal government be involved with CSR? Companies create jobs; keep unemployment rates low, and invest in their communities purchasing

Prose Passage by Ralph Waldo Emerson Free Essays

In the Prose Passage, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s attitude towards nature is very obvious. He illustrates to the reader that he not only enjoys nature, but he is charmed and connected to it. In this passage, he also explores the differences between how adults see nature and how children see nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Prose Passage by Ralph Waldo Emerson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, he reiterates his delight and connection to nature in saying, â€Å"Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. Ralph Waldo Emerson was not only an enthusiastic writer of nature, but an enjoyer of its magnificent features as well. † Emerson explains that there is such vastness and difference in nature that someone who visits it can’t possible ever get tired of it. He writes, â€Å"Within [the] plantations of God, a decorum and sanctity reign, a perennial festival is dressed, and the guest sees not how he should tire of them in a thousand years. † Its beauty is so wonderful that being bored is inconceivable to him. To exemplify that nature evokes happiness even if a person were to be under the worst imaginable circumstances, he states, â€Å"In the presence of nature a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. † Of course, his enjoyment is expressed when he writes, â€Å"Crossing a bare common [park or grassy square], in snow puddles, at twilight, under a clouded sky, without having in my thoughts any occurrence of special good fortune, I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration. I am glad to the brink of fear. † The strong imagery that he portrays with the puddles and clouded sky brings the reader closer to the image of nature that Emerson saw. Emerson elucidates to the fact that adults and children have very different views of the sun even though it is the same for both. He writes, â€Å"Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. † Emerson gives the reader the understanding that their connection with nature is lost on their road to adulthood. However, children admire and enjoy the sun, seeing it in a different light than that with which adults see it. This is demonstrated when he says, â€Å"The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. † On the whole, Emerson’s love of nature is overwhelmingly exposed in this passage. In the end, he underscores the unbroken connection between humankind and nature by writing, â€Å"The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse [communication] with heaven and earth becomes part of his daily food. â€Å" How to cite Prose Passage by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Papers

System Security Breaches-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Search the web for news on Computer Security Breaches that occurred during April-August 2017. Research one such reported incident . Prepare a report focusing on what the problem was, how and why it occurred and what are the possible solutions. 2.Research the May 2017 ransomware cyber-attack on the web and prepare a report. Answers: Introduction Cyber-attack is an unethical act by the hackers assigned by states, individuals or groups that targets to destroy or damage the metadata secured in a computer system or in an infrastructure by means of malicious software, ransomware- a specific type, which claims money to unblock access to a system. Petya is one such ransomware, encrypting data on Microsoft-Windows systems.[1] This report elaborates the global cyber-attack, in reference to the news searched on the web, from the newspaper site THE GUARDIAN,[2] caused and provides possible solutions to the same. Discussion Petya, the ransomware encrypts the system data, blocks the access to the boot record, and demands a ransom in means of bit-coin, a digital key that reboots access to the system. Either the victims pay the ransom or afford loosing the valuable information.[3] Initially, this malware was discovered in March 2016. Numerous forms of the malware were seen propagating to systems based on Microsoft-Windows through infected E-mail attachments. Specific differences were noted in this malware compared to the others, a later form of it being launched with a secondary attachment affecting administrative booting. A recent global Cyber-attack using a variant of Petya originated on 27 June 2017, targeting Ukraine and Russia mainly. Kaspersky lab reported traces of infections in other affected regions including France, Germany, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom and United States. Although, this malware affected internal networks, researchers from US pharmaceutical organization Merck, shipping com pany from Danish and Rosnoft - a Russian oil company, discovered it to be a masked cyber offense against Ukraine.[4] Almost, more than 80 companies were targeted for damage including the national bank of Ukraine as well as distorted all the utilities in power offices, air-ports and public transport medium.[5] This scary ransomware has a mode of operation that is field of discussion. Petya uses the actual computed information from within the transmitted data that holds enough potential to infect the master booting system known as the Master Boot Record (MBR), ornately writing the windows boot-loader and then triggers a restart in the system. The next time one reboots the system, the formatted data executes itself. This encrypts the main file holder system and following that the ransom-demanding message is displayed in a pop-up, the payment mode being in bit-coin as mentioned previously, amounting to $300. During this processing, the windows file scanner system generates a text on-screen indicating the ongoing repair of the different hard-drive system.[6] The original computation required the system-victim to grant administrative advantages. In this context, another variant of the malware, Mischa was attached with data or the initial text, in a situation Petya was unable to install in earli er versions with an attached PDF file. The not- Petya version used for the 2017 cyber attack, is a rapid spread across organizations following one affected system.[7] This ransomware yet again found a medium specifically the Eternal-Blue, which is a collection of data in sequence in form of syntaxes that in an offensive way takes advantage of a vulnerability of a software, in this case, Microsoft-Windows and generates control over ones system or through the availability of administrative tools. This malware is capable of using various techniques to spread across systems obtaining passwords and using passwords linked with PSExec for code run on other LAN connections. This ransomware cannot omit its changes. Researchers announced this was not launched with the intention to generate profit, rather, focused on the widespread of the same to cause rapid damages and the media-attention. As mitigation, researchers and analysts took several measures across the globe claiming the discovery of ways to possibly, stop the process of encryption.[8] Kaspersky lap for an instance, offered help suggesting that the labs security software was now developed to detect and limit the malware. Various Anti-Virus companies claim their software can provide protection against this malware infection, especially, Symantec products with the updated version 20170627.009. Installation of Marchs Critical Patch provides a defensive action against the vulnerable Windows feature and promises to offer guard towards future attacks with variant tools.[9] Another innovation regarding the solution for this attack was helpful in either ways. The process firstly asks the immediate shut down of the system as soon as the appearance of the chkdsk pop-up and a proposed analyst creating read-only files bearing the label perfc or perfc.dat in the Windows file system can prevent the effect of the formatted data by limiting the execution. The provider, Posteo, suspended the E-mail address already on the Ransom windows therefore restricting the infected the users to make the payment. Conclusion Based on the various analyses, provided by researchers from diverse backgrounds it is concluded that it definitely not a moneymaking source rather, it is designed for the widespread effect across countries and systems encrypting important component files of a system. The ransomware infects the major file system of a computer and remains stagnant for an hour, it is advisable, while the rebooting takes place, to switch it off to prevent the files from getting encrypted. The person behind the attack disguised the malware as a ransomware with a pure intention of being destructive especially, to Ukraine government. 2.Introduction The first half of this year witnessed unusual amounts of cyber security breaches. One such chaotic ransomware release was the WannaCry Crypto-worm, targeting the systems based on Microsoft Windows Operation.[10] This report provides an insight to the attack, its relevant details and possible mitigations discovered. Discussion This ransomware crucially encrypted files and demanded money in crypto-currency format, the use of bit-coins involved. Crypto-currency is a digital set-up involving payments in form of bit-coins, which is the used currency. The attack initiated on a Friday, 12 May 2017, this initial outbreak continued from 12 May to 15 May 2017.[11] Within the commencement of 24 hours, a report showing the results, generated only to highlight, 230,000 computers infected over 150 countries. This ransomware in particular used the flaw of Microsoft, which was long discovered by National Security Agency (NSA), was used for its offensive activities and was leaked by hackers to widely spread the malware to block access to files. The malware disguises as software, informing the user that the files have been encrypted with a warning of their deletion if the required payment is not made. Advance information about the procedures to buy the software and henceforth, the destination to send the ransom to is provi ded. Analysts refer to this as a worm as it has a transport phenomenon or mechanism to gradually spread and infect a system automatically. This code of access scans the data system with characteristic vulnerability particularly as mentioned previously, Eternal-Blue to gain control on the file system. On 19 May 2017, it was informed that the hackers made an attempt an attack using a variant of this ransomware, Mirai for a distributed attack. Europol estimated due to the campaign of this ransomware around 200,000 computer systems over 150 countries approximately were infected.[12] Kaspersky lab investigated about the four most affected countries- Russia, Ukraine, India and Taiwan. An adverse effect on the National Hospital Services (NHS) was witnessed, in England and Scotland. Various public utilities amounting to 70,000 devices inclusive of computers, MRI-scanners, blood storage refrigerators and possible range of theatrical equipments.[13] Many non-crucial emergencies were turned-off, ambulances connected to NHS services were reverted even of Wales and Ireland. Production procedures took a pause in the Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK in Tyne Wear, England after their system-infections. Another on the list was Renault to halt its production in various sites to avoid the spreading of the ransomware.[14] Organization using not-update of Microsoft operating system were adversely affected, especially, the ones with the older v ersion of XP, since no security patches were released since April 2014 in relevance. Cyber risk configured by Cyence charted an economic loss of 44 billion while others estimated it to be hundreds of millions. A sum of $130,634.77 involving around 327 payments was recorded regarding the ransom. WannaCry evidently initiated its attack in Asia. Gaining access to systems through SMB, it rapidly spread in multiple networks. On execution the malware first scans the killSwitch domain, the absence of the same helped the software to encrypt file system. The ransom demanded was $300 bit-coins within three days or a lump sum of $600 in seven days. Destined web addresses were provided where the money was to be sent, wallets, by the victims.[15] The virus execution process can be precisely fragmented into three parts- firstly, the payload (mssecsvc.exe): this is the spread file, encrypting the main file system and executes malicious behavior. Secondly, the ransom program (taskche.exe): the program itself containing an encrypted public key, the decrypted version being retained by the attacker, which encrypts both the sub-private and public key and saves it. The AES key encrypts the file contents to be saved as M2, which is further encrypted with the sub-public key and saved as M1. This merged version has an added header WANNACRY. Lastly, the ransom program-(@WannaDecryptor@.exe): this platform demands for the money in bit-coins with the addresses[16]. A tech security researcher, Marcus Hutchins from England, successfully developed a vaccine to this known as Kill-Switch, a registered domain, effectively reduced the spread of the infection pausing the breakout. This shuts down the software. This was included in the code of the ransomware to prevent its propagation in quarantined systems. However, not a help for the already-infected ones, it helped severely in limiting its spread especially in North America and Asia. Within four days, several security experts claimed to stop the spread with newly designed updates, among which universities of London and Boston reported, their pay-break system has the potential to stop the infection. Each encrypted file uses AES key, to decrypt the RSA sub-private key was required.[17] The discovery of the tool, WannaKey potentially retrieves the required key especially in the Windows XP domain. Another approach was WannaKiwi for Windows 7 and 2008 R2. Conclusion On analysis, it is certain to conclude that the scale of attacks and the exposed vulnerabilities ranged to the enforcement of new updates available for Windows. For self-protection, it is advisable to avoid any suspicious sites and to keep the system in use updated. Lastly, strict restriction on paying the ransom and encourage the hackers. Prevention is certainly prior to the offered antidote. References: Aurangzeb, Sana, et al. "Ransomware: A Survey and Trends."Journal of Information Assurance Security6.2 (2017). Collier, Roger. "NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide." (2017): E786-E787. Edwards, Benjamin, et al. "Strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution, and blame."Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(2017): 201700442. Gandhi Krunal, A. "Year of Publication: 2017." Gordon, William J., Adam Fairhall, and Adam Landman. "Threats to Information SecurityPublic Health Implications."New England Journal of Medicine(2017). Guo, Ziyang, et al. "Optimal linear cyber-attack on remote state estimation."IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems4.1 (2017): 4-13. Hammill, Ashley.The rise and wrath of ransomware and what it means for society. Diss. Utica College, 2017. Knobel, Andres. "Technology and online beneficial ownership registries: easier to create companies and better at preventing financial crimes." (2017). Martin, Guy, James Kinross, and Chris Hankin. "Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety." (2017): j2375. Mattei, Tobias A. "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack."World Neurosurgery104 (2017): 972-974. Mohurle, Savita, and Manisha Patil. "A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017."International Journal8.5 (2017). Naved, Hamid. "CYBER ATTACKS, ESPIONAGE AND INTRUSIONS: THE LAW GOVERNING THE NEW GLOBAL FRONTLINES." ODowd, Adrian. "NHS patient data security is to be tightened after cyberattack." (2017): j3412. Richardson, Ronny, and Max North. "Ransomware: Evolution, Mitigation and Prevention."International Management Review13.1 (2017): 10. Shackelford, Scott. "Exploring the Shared Responsibilityof Cyber Peace: Should Cybersecurity Be a Human Right?." (2017). Shoukry, Yasser, et al. "Secure state estimation for cyber physical systems under sensor attacks: a satisfiability modulo theory approach."IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control(2017). Solon O and Hern A, 'Petya' Ransomware Attack: What Is It And How Can It Be Stopped?' (the Guardian, 2017) https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/27/petya-ransomware-cyber-attack-who-what-why-how accessed 24 August 201 Aurangzeb, Sana, et al. "Ransomware: A Survey and Trends."Journal of Information Assurance Security6.2 (2017). Olivia Solon and Alex Hern, 'Petya' Ransomware Attack: What Is It And How Can It Be Stopped?' (the Guardian, 2017) https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/27/petya-ransomware-cyber-attack-who-what-why-how accessed 24 August 2017. Hammill, Ashley.The rise and wrath of ransomware and what it means for society. Diss. Utica College, 2017. Edwards, Benjamin, et al. "Strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution, and blame."Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(2017): 201700442. Gordon, William J., Adam Fairhall, and Adam Landman. "Threats to Information SecurityPublic Health Implications."New England Journal of Medicine(2017). Guo, Ziyang, et al. "Optimal linear cyber-attack on remote state estimation."IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems4.1 (2017): 4-13. Naved, Hamid. "CYBER ATTACKS, ESPIONAGE AND INTRUSIONS: THE LAW GOVERNING THE NEW GLOBAL FRONTLINES." Richardson, Ronny, and Max North. "Ransomware: Evolution, Mitigation and Prevention."International Management Review13.1 (2017): 10 Shackelford, Scott. "Exploring the Shared Responsibilityof Cyber Peace: Should Cybersecurity Be a Human Right?." (2017). Shoukry, Yasser, et al. "Secure state estimation for cyber physical systems under sensor attacks: a satisfiability modulo theory approach."IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control(2017). Martin, Guy, James Kinross, and Chris Hankin. "Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety." (2017): j2375. ODowd, Adrian. "NHS patient data security is to be tightened after cyberattack." (2017): j3412. Collier, Roger. "NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide." (2017): E786-E787. Mattei, Tobias A. "Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack."World Neurosurgery104 (2017): 972-974. Gandhi Krunal, A. "Year of Publication: 2017." Mohurle, Savita, and Manisha Patil. "A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017."International Journal8.5 (2017). Knobel, Andres. "Technology and online beneficial ownership registries: easier to create companies and better at preventing financial crimes." (2017).